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ENERGY, IN PERSPECTIVEIndia and the world

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PricingCore · Market history, the Brent model, and crude-and-currency exposure for India.
Executive briefingCore · Dated market references, energy context, company results, and a printable briefing.
India EnergyCore · Refineries, pipelines, ports, installations, companies, and the domestic physical system.
Crisis watchCore · Ranked current oil and gas disruption feed with source provenance.
Global exposureCore · World suppliers, refining hubs, shipping routes, volumes, assets, agreements, and India exposure.
CompaniesCore · Listed majors, subsidiaries, JVs, and financial profiles.
Market shareCore · Dated retail outlet shares and installed refining capacity.
Data downloadsCore · CSV exports for the main Sanjaya datasets.
Freshness boardCore · Source dates, scraper runs, live quote paths, and fallback state.

Today Overview Prices & exposure World India energy Risk watch Data

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Overview Fuel prices Gas & LPG Brent model Trends Explainers

SANJAYA

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Sanjaya · An independent project by Amit Patnaik

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Explainers as tools.

Start with a question. These are authored reference tools; a linked live data surface names its source and observation time separately.

ArtefactThe Russia crude trade — 2% to 35% in three yearsInteractive. The single largest shift in Indian oil since 1991. Five layers: the trigger (Feb 2022), the price-cap mechanism, the payment workarounds, the OMC economics, and what could unwind it.Open →ArtefactHow a litre of petrol gets priced in IndiaFlagship interactive. Every rupee of your petrol price, unfolded layer by layer from barrel to refinery transfer, dealer commission, central excise, state VAT, and residual margin.Open →ArtefactWhy petrol is expensive in IndiaExecutive explainer. The real answer is not one villain: import dependence, rupee exposure, excise, VAT, OMC smoothing, and state fiscal reliance all stack into the pump price.Open →CrisisWhat happens if Brent goes to $100Scenario map. Who gets hit first when crude spikes: OMC marketing margins, excise space, CAD, inflation, state VAT, upstream producers, and consumers.Open →ArtefactThe crude import chain — from Ghawar to Greater KailashInteractive. A barrel of Saudi crude becomes a litre of Delhi petrol in six stages: producer, tanker, SPM, refinery, pipeline, pump. Tap to walk the chain.Open →ArtefactFour prices for the same molecule — gas pricing mechanismInteractive. Indian gas has four concurrent price regimes: APM ceiling, HPHT ceiling, market-linked new wells, imported LNG. The skeleton key to upstream PSU results and CGD retail tariffs.Open →ArtefactOMC under-recovery — the book that never reconcilesInteractive. Why IOC/BPCL/HPCL hold retail flat through crude shocks, absorb losses as negative margin (not subsidy receivable), and get compensated via the excise mechanism instead of direct bonds.Open →ArtefactMumbai vs Delhi — why the ₹15 gapInteractive. Same crude, same excise, yet Mumbai petrol is ₹12-18 higher. Four drivers: VAT rate, specific add-ons, surcharges, and max-of rules.Open →

All modules

Artefact
The Russia crude trade — 2% to 35% in three years
Interactive. The single largest shift in Indian oil since 1991. Five layers: the trigger (Feb 2022), the price-cap mechanism, the payment workarounds, the OMC economics, and what could unwind it.
Open →
Artefact
How a litre of petrol gets priced in India
Flagship interactive. Every rupee of your petrol price, unfolded layer by layer from barrel to refinery transfer, dealer commission, central excise, state VAT, and residual margin.
Open →
Artefact
Why petrol is expensive in India
Executive explainer. The real answer is not one villain: import dependence, rupee exposure, excise, VAT, OMC smoothing, and state fiscal reliance all stack into the pump price.
Open →
Crisis
What happens if Brent goes to $100
Scenario map. Who gets hit first when crude spikes: OMC marketing margins, excise space, CAD, inflation, state VAT, upstream producers, and consumers.
Open →
Artefact
The crude import chain — from Ghawar to Greater Kailash
Interactive. A barrel of Saudi crude becomes a litre of Delhi petrol in six stages: producer, tanker, SPM, refinery, pipeline, pump. Tap to walk the chain.
Open →
Artefact
Four prices for the same molecule — gas pricing mechanism
Interactive. Indian gas has four concurrent price regimes: APM ceiling, HPHT ceiling, market-linked new wells, imported LNG. The skeleton key to upstream PSU results and CGD retail tariffs.
Open →
Artefact
OMC under-recovery — the book that never reconciles
Interactive. Why IOC/BPCL/HPCL hold retail flat through crude shocks, absorb losses as negative margin (not subsidy receivable), and get compensated via the excise mechanism instead of direct bonds.
Open →
Artefact
Mumbai vs Delhi — why the ₹15 gap
Interactive. Same crude, same excise, yet Mumbai petrol is ₹12-18 higher. Four drivers: VAT rate, specific add-ons, surcharges, and max-of rules.
Open →
Artefact
The Indian Crude Basket — 75/25 Dubai-Brent
Interactive. Not Brent, not WTI — the composite that anchors every Indian oil formula. Composition, why it's used, and when it diverges from Brent meaningfully (including the Russia discount question).
Open →
Artefact
Ethanol blending — 1.5% to 20% in a decade
Interactive. The EBP programme: sugarcane-to-grain-to-2G feedstock, the farmer-OMC-government economics, and the water-land-calorific ceilings that could cap it.
Open →
Crisis
Why the pump price did not move during Hormuz
A dated scenario explainer about how OMC margins, central excise, and state VAT can affect the pass-through from crude to retail prices.
Open →
Component
The Delhi petrol waterfall
The canonical waterfall chart — RTP → dealer commission → excise → VAT → retail. Click any component for its source row and formula.
Open →

Explanatory narratives are maintained as authored snapshots. A date in an explainer describes its stated context, not a claim that every figure or policy remains current today.