Artefact · interactive

Ethanol Blending — 1.5% to 20% in a decade.

India's Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme has pushed the blend from ~1.5% in 2013 to 20% across most states by 2026. Four layers: what it is, who wins, who pays, what could slow it down.

01 / 04The policy

EBP20 — 20% ethanol in petrol by 2025-26

National Biofuel Policy 2018 + 2022 amendment

The National Biofuel Policy (2018, amended 2022) committed India to:

E20 (20% ethanol) target advanced from 2030 to 2025-26
Nationwide E20 availability by April 2025 across OMC retail
Flex-fuel vehicle (FFV) mandate phased from 2025 onward
2G ethanol (lignocellulosic) capacity build-out

By FY24, blending reached ~12%; by FY25, ~15%+. FY26 is the benchmark year for 20% national average, with some states (UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, TN) running at 20% already.

02 / 04Feedstock

Sugarcane molasses → grain → 2G biomass

Triple-tiered sourcing

03 / 04Economics

Who wins, who pays

Farmer up · OMC margin pressure · consumer untouched

04 / 04What could slow it

Water, land, and calorific limits

The structural ceilings