Authored reference · examples dated through 2024

Under-recovery: the book that never reconciles.

This reference explains the relationship between retail pricing, marketing margins, and fiscal policy using historical examples. It is not a current assessment of OMC pricing decisions or government action.

01 / 04The fiction

Free-market pricing, daily dynamic

Petrol 2010 · Diesel 2014

On paper, OMCs revise dealer transfer prices daily based on a formula tracking the 15-day average of Indian Crude Basket + exchange rate + refinery gross refining margin. The formula is public; the official price publication carries the notified dealer transfer price daily.

The system was designed to remove the deficit-generating subsidy mechanism of the 2000s where the Union paid OMCs explicit "oil bonds" to compensate for below-cost selling.

See the company quarterly disclosures for marketing-segment margin volatility (IOC, BPCL, HPCL quarterly presentations break out refining vs marketing). The official dealer-transfer price data is tracked in data/daily_rsp.jsonl.